Is this a tax scam or what?

My cousin works as a waiter and mentioned that last year his tax preparer got him almost all his taxes back, which felt suspicious to me. He also said the preparer told him to claim the return as self-prepared, which seemed like a red flag. My cousin asked me to review the return to understand what the preparer did.

He earned around $125k in wages (including tips) on his W-2 Box 1 and had about $20k withheld in federal taxes. On Schedule 1, Line 8z, there was a $100k expense listed with the note, “Non-service related gifts IRC 102a Tax/Tip adjustment.” It looks like the preparer was trying to treat his tips as an expense. This seems illegal, right? My cousin had only one W-2 and nothing else. Has anyone seen something like this before? I thought the IRS would catch this, but maybe it’s because the return was filed recently.

Yes, that’s definitely fraud.

Zeek said:
Yes, that’s definitely fraud.

Exactly why the preparer didn’t want their name on the return.

Jordan said:

Zeek said:
Yes, that’s definitely fraud.

Exactly why the preparer didn’t want their name on the return.

Spot on.

It might take 18 months, but he’ll probably get a notice to repay the money along with penalties and interest.

This is a common tax protestor trick where they claim tips are non-taxable gifts. A tip is payment for a service, not a gift. It doesn’t meet the definition of a gift under tax law. Your cousin will owe the tax, plus penalties for underpayment and failure to pay, and interest. There might also be a $5,000 civil penalty.

The preparer is what’s called a ghost preparer. They do shady things but make you sign the return as self-prepared, so the IRS holds you responsible. Your cousin needs to find a professional (CPA, enrolled agent, or tax attorney) to amend the return ASAP. Here’s a resource to find credentialed preparers:

https://irs.treasury.gov/rpo/rpo.jsf

The IRS doesn’t take these schemes lightly. They could classify this as a frivolous return, which comes with serious consequences.

@Oli
Thanks for explaining all of this!

Yeah, this is clearly fraud.

Look up ‘ghost tax preparer’—most of them end up in prison.

I can’t believe someone actually tried the ‘gifts not tips’ angle.

Your cousin should file an amended return using Form 1040-X and pay the correct tax amount quickly.

Wow. This is really bad.

Sounds like the preparer tried to argue that tips are gifts. That’s shady and bound to get flagged sooner or later. Your cousin will probably face a big tax bill after an audit.

I’ve seen cases where the IRS sends a letter asking people to withdraw questionable returns or face fines. An amended return might help avoid harsher penalties.

Oaklan said:
I’ve seen cases where the IRS sends a letter asking people to withdraw questionable returns or face fines. An amended return might help avoid harsher penalties.

I’ll make sure he gets the return amended. Thanks for the advice.

Oaklan said:
I’ve seen cases where the IRS sends a letter asking people to withdraw questionable returns or face fines. An amended return might help avoid harsher penalties.

The IRS being lenient? That’s rare.

Once the IRS catches the preparer, they’ll likely audit all their clients too.

Mika said:
Once the IRS catches the preparer, they’ll likely audit all their clients too.

Which is why the preparer made your cousin file as ‘self-prepared.’

Mika said:
Once the IRS catches the preparer, they’ll likely audit all their clients too.

But the preparer didn’t sign the return.

The IRS will contact him eventually. Even if someone else prepares the return, the taxpayer is responsible for it when they sign. Check the statement above the signature next time.

> Non-service related gifts IRC 102a Tax/Tip adjustment.

This is the exact text from Internal Revenue Code Section 102(a):

> Gross income does not include the value of property acquired by gift, bequest, devise, or inheritance.

The preparer basically tried to claim all your cousin’s income as gifts.